Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Caused by an external force—such as a fall, car accident, or sports injury—TBI can range from mild (concussion) to severe, and often affects thinking, memory, emotions, and physical function.
Stroke
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted by a clot or bleed. This can lead to cognitive changes, speech difficulties, paralysis, or other neurological effects depending on the part of the brain affected.
Anoxic Brain Injury
An anoxic injury happens when the brain is deprived of oxygen for a period of time. This can occur during events like cardiac arrest, near-drowning, or suffocation, and can cause widespread damage.
Hypoxic Brain Injury
This is similar to anoxic injury but results from reduced—not total—oxygen supply. It may happen due to respiratory failure, carbon monoxide poisoning, or complications during surgery.
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
A broad term for injuries that occur after birth and are not hereditary or congenital. This includes TBI, stroke, tumors, infections, or other medical conditions that affect brain function.
Infectious Brain Injury
Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis can inflame or damage brain tissue, sometimes resulting in long-term neurological effects.
Brain Tumors
Both malignant and benign brain tumors can cause injury by pressing on brain structures or requiring surgery or radiation, all of which may impact cognitive or physical abilities.
Other Causes
Brain injuries can also result from exposure to toxins, autoimmune conditions, or chronic substance use. These cases may be less common but are equally serious.
